使用golang调用阻塞式shell命令(如ping、tail -f等)，按普通的调用方法是无法拿到实时输出结果的，这里可以通过异步读取管道输出数据的方式实现，关键代码如下：

// command.go
package command

import (
	"bufio"
	"io"
	"log"
	"os/exec"
	"runtime/debug"
	"sync"
)

func readLine(wg *sync.WaitGroup, out chan string, reader io.ReadCloser) {
	defer func() {
		if r := recover(); r != nil {
			log.Println(r, string(debug.Stack()))
		}
	}()
	defer wg.Done()
	r := bufio.NewReader(reader)
	for {
		line, _, err := r.ReadLine()
		if err == io.EOF || err != nil {
			return
		}
		out <- string(line)
	}
}

// ExecCommandRealTimeOutput 读取命令行实时输出
// Exec command and read real time output
func ExecCommandRealTimeOutput(out chan string, name string, arg ...string) error {
	cmd := exec.Command(name, arg...)
	stdout, _ := cmd.StdoutPipe()
	stderr, _ := cmd.StderrPipe()
	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
	defer wg.Wait()
	wg.Add(2)
	go readLine(&wg, out, stdout)
	go readLine(&wg, out, stderr)
	if err := cmd.Wait(); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return nil
}

测试用例：

// command_test.go
package command

import (
	"log"
	"testing"
)

func TestExecCommandRealTimeOutput(t *testing.T) {
	out := make(chan string)
	defer close(out)
	go func() {
		for {
			str, ok := <-out
			if !ok {
				break
			}
			log.Println(str)
		}
	}()
	args := []string{"-c", "ping www.trumanwl.com"}
	if err := ExecCommandRealTimeOutput(out, "bash", args...); err != nil {
		t.Error(err)
	}
}

测试：

$ go test -v command_test.go command.go 
=== RUN   TestExecCommandRealTimeOutput
2023/06/14 14:54:51 PING cname.vercel-dns.com (76.76.21.22) 56(84) bytes of data.
2023/06/14 14:54:51 64 bytes from 76.76.21.22 (76.76.21.22): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=55.7 ms
2023/06/14 14:54:52 64 bytes from 76.76.21.22 (76.76.21.22): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=74.6 ms
2023/06/14 14:54:53 64 bytes from 76.76.21.22 (76.76.21.22): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=63.1 ms
2023/06/14 14:54:54 64 bytes from 76.76.21.22 (76.76.21.22): icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=63.8 ms
2023/06/14 14:54:55 64 bytes from 76.76.21.22 (76.76.21.22): icmp_seq=5 ttl=128 time=56.6 ms

文中代码已推送至github